{"id":44797,"date":"2026-08-25T13:44:31","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T11:44:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deepseareporter.com\/?p=44797"},"modified":"2026-08-26T22:32:10","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T20:32:10","slug":"ostersjons-naringsvavar-ur-balans-trots-decennier-av-atgarder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deepseareporter.com\/sv\/ostersjons-naringsvavar-ur-balans-trots-decennier-av-atgarder\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d6stersj\u00f6ns n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4var ur balans trots decennier av \u00e5tg\u00e4rder"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Minskande fiskbest\u00e5nd, syrefria omr\u00e5den och rubbade samspel mellan arter. En ny studie visar att m\u00e4nsklig p\u00e5verkan \u2013 fr\u00e4mst \u00f6verfiske och \u00f6verg\u00f6dning \u2013 kraftigt har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4varna i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n. Ekosystemen tycks ocks\u00e5 ha sv\u00e5rt att \u00e5terh\u00e4mta sig, \u00e4ven n\u00e4r p\u00e5verkan minskar.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text: Marika Griehsel <\/sub><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Det h\u00e4r \u00e4r f\u00f6rsta g\u00e5ngen som n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4varnas status har bed\u00f6mts med samma metod i olika delar av \u00d6stersj\u00f6n och resultatet \u00e4r oroande, s\u00e4ger Carolyn Faithfull, forskare vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, SLU, och huvudf\u00f6rfattare till studien som publicerats i den vetenskapliga tidskriften ICES Journal of Marine Science. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bakom studien st\u00e5r ett forskarlag fr\u00e5n hela \u00d6stersj\u00f6regionen som har gjort en samlad bed\u00f6mning av hur \u00d6stersj\u00f6ns n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4var \u2013 n\u00e4tverket av vem som \u00e4ter vem \u2013 har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrats. Studien omfattar sju havsomr\u00e5den och bygger p\u00e5 tidsserier som str\u00e4cker sig \u00f6ver 26\u201346 \u00e5r. \u00d6ver 30 forskare fr\u00e5n regionen har deltagit i studien och bidragit med data och analys. Enbart Ryssland har inte medverkat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Vi \u00f6stersj\u00f6forskare \u00e4r \u00f6verens om hur akut situationen \u00e4r. Vi analyserar data lyssnar p\u00e5 varandra men det \u00e4r sv\u00e5rare att f\u00e5 politiker i regionen att agera och samverka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I samtliga sju unders\u00f6kta omr\u00e5den har balansen mellan olika grupper av organismer p\u00e5verkats negativt av m\u00e4nsklig aktivitet. Enligt EU:s havsmilj\u00f6direktiv \u00e4r detta ett tecken p\u00e5 att n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4varna inte har god milj\u00f6status.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


De tv\u00e5 viktigaste orsakerna bakom f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna \u00e4r \u00f6verfiske och tillf\u00f6rsel av n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen fr\u00e5n land. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6verskottet av n\u00e4ring leder till \u00f6kad algproduktion. N\u00e4r algerna sedan sjunker till botten och bryts ner f\u00f6rbrukas syre, vilket skapar syrefattiga omr\u00e5den d\u00e4r f\u00e5 arter kan leva.
Samtidigt har fisket haft stor p\u00e5verkan p\u00e5 fiskbest\u00e5nden. N\u00e4r rovfiskar som torsk hade fiskats ner riktades det industriella fisket i st\u00f6rre utstr\u00e4ckning mot sill och skarpsill. Nu syns stora minskningar \u00e4ven av sillen. N\u00e4r fiskarter som historiskt har funnits i stora m\u00e4ngder minskar s\u00e5 kraftigt kan det utl\u00f6sa kedjereaktioner genom hela n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4ven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2013 Klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna f\u00f6rv\u00e4rrar situationen ytterligare, eftersom stigande vattentemperaturer f\u00f6rst\u00e4rker de negativa effekterna av b\u00e5de \u00f6verfiske och \u00f6verg\u00f6dning, till exempel genom att varmare vatten h\u00e5ller mindre syre och att fiskrekrytering p\u00e5verkas av klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndring, s\u00e4ger Carolyn Faithfull.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


 Ett av studiens viktigaste resultat \u00e4r att utvecklingen inte sj\u00e4lvklart v\u00e4nder n\u00e4r en belastning minskar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sedan 1980-talet har tillf\u00f6rseln av n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnet fosfor till \u00d6stersj\u00f6n minskat med omkring 50 procent. Trots det forts\u00e4tter de syrefria bottenomr\u00e5dena att breda ut sig och halterna av l\u00f6st fosfor i vattnet \u00f6kar. Ett liknande m\u00f6nster syns f\u00f6r torsken. Fiskerid\u00f6dligheten har minskat i b\u00e5de v\u00e4stra och centrala \u00d6stersj\u00f6n, men torskbest\u00e5nden har inte \u00e5terh\u00e4mtat sig. N\u00e4ringsv\u00e4ven pr\u00e4glas fortfarande av den f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring som skedde n\u00e4r torsken minskade, med en st\u00f6rre dominans av plankton\u00e4tande fisk och plattfisk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u00c4ven om vissa belastningar har minskat finns effekterna p\u00e5 n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4ven kvar. Ekosystemet tycks ha f\u00f6rskjutits till ett nytt tillst\u00e5nd som det har sv\u00e5rt att ta sig ur, ber\u00e4ttar Carolyn Faithfull. <\/p>\n\n\n\n


Klimatf\u00f6r\u00e4ndringarna kr\u00e4ver globala \u00e5tg\u00e4rder. Men studien pekar samtidigt ut \u00f6verfiske och h\u00f6ga halter av n\u00e4rings\u00e4mnen som tv\u00e5 dominerande p\u00e5verkansfaktorer i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n; b\u00e5da m\u00f6jliga att p\u00e5verka genom regionala beslut och \u00e5tg\u00e4rder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Sverige har ett s\u00e4rskilt ansvar d\u00e5 det g\u00e4ller \u00d6stersj\u00f6n p\u00e5 grund av landets l\u00e5nga kust. Vi \u00e4r m\u00e5nga som anser att Sverige skulle vara ledande d\u00e5 det g\u00e4ller att \u00e5terst\u00e4lla och skydda foderv\u00e4ven. L\u00e4get \u00e4r allvarligt eftersom vi fiskar l\u00e4ngre och l\u00e4ngre ned i foderv\u00e4ven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Carolyn Faithful \u00e4r huvudf\u00f6rfattare till den nya studien Carolyn Faithful, verksam inom Ekosystemgruppen vid SLU. Foto: Privat<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Det \u00e4r v\u00e4ldigt otroligt att all tr\u00e5lning skulle f\u00f6rbjuds i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n eftersom det \u00e4r en stor industri och jag har sv\u00e5rt att f\u00f6rst\u00e5 att alla l\u00e4nder skulle kommer \u00f6verens om det. Men om industriellt fiske, s\u00e4rskilt tr\u00e5lning (pelagisk och \u201dbottenn\u00e4ra\u201d tr\u00e5lning) kraftig begr\u00e4nsas det skulle g\u00f6ra stora skillnader. Det \u00e4r fortfarande en del bottentr\u00e5lning som g\u00f6ras i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n, men bara i s\u00f6dra central \u00d6stersj\u00f6n. Det kanske skulle ha en positiv effekt p\u00e5 torsk om det f\u00f6rbjuds, men att satsa p\u00e5 en mer ekosystem-baserade h\u00e5llbart s\u00e4tt att fiska \u00f6ver lag skulle har st\u00f6rre effekt f\u00f6r hela f\u00f6dov\u00e4ven, s\u00e4ger Carolyn Faithfull.<\/p>\n\n\n\n


\u2013 Det finns allts\u00e5 mycket vi kan g\u00f6ra h\u00e4r och nu. Men d\u00e5 kr\u00e4vs kraftfulla och samordnade \u00e5tg\u00e4rder i hela \u00d6stersj\u00f6regionen. Vi m\u00e5ste angripa flera av de belastningar som p\u00e5verkar ekosystemet samtidigt, avslutar Carolyn Faithfull.
 
L\u00e4nk till den vetenskapliga artikeln: \u201cSystemic food web reorganization due to multiple pressures in seven Baltic Sea sub-basins\u201d<\/a> i ICES Journal of Marine Science.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Om Deep Sea Reporter: <\/strong>V\u00e5r ambition \u00e4r att granska och skildra fr\u00e5gor som r\u00f6r havet och det liv som finns under ytan. Vi verkar i allm\u00e4nhetens tj\u00e4nst och drivs sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndigt i f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande till politiska, kommersiella och andra intressen i samh\u00e4llet.<\/sup>
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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En ny studie visar att m\u00e4nsklig p\u00e5verkan \u2013 fr\u00e4mst \u00f6verfiske och \u00f6verg\u00f6dning \u2013 kraftigt har f\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4varna i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n. Ekosystemen tycks ocks\u00e5 ha sv\u00e5rt att \u00e5terh\u00e4mta sig, \u00e4ven n\u00e4r p\u00e5verkan minskar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":44803,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[235,252,579],"tags":[306,570,1394],"class_list":["post-44797","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fiske","category-forskning","category-ostersjon","tag-forskning","tag-ostersjon","tag-varmare-hav"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n\u00d6stersj\u00f6ns n\u00e4ringsv\u00e4var ur balans trots decennier av \u00e5tg\u00e4rder - Deep Sea Reporter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Minskande fiskbest\u00e5nd, syrefria omr\u00e5den och rubbade samspel mellan arter. 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