{"id":41302,"date":"2025-09-30T12:10:43","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T10:10:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deepseareporter.com\/?p=41302"},"modified":"2025-10-01T16:40:32","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T14:40:32","slug":"konfliktfyllt-infor-ny-forvaltningsplan-for-alen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deepseareporter.com\/sv\/konfliktfyllt-infor-ny-forvaltningsplan-for-alen\/","title":{"rendered":"Konfliktfyllt inf\u00f6r ny f\u00f6rvaltningsplan f\u00f6r \u00e5len"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Den 1:a oktober presenterar Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) en ny \u00e5lf\u00f6rvaltningsplan f\u00f6r regeringen.<\/strong> \u00c5len \u00e4r akut utrotningshotad, men fr\u00e5gan om hur den ska r\u00e4ddas \u00e4r kontroversiell. Det verkar som de flesta \u00e4r oense om det mesta n\u00e4r det nu ska best\u00e4mmas hur \u00e5len ska f\u00f6rvaltas.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Text: Arvid Wiclander Mellgren<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Konflikterna runt \u00e5lfisket \u00e4r m\u00e5nga och ibland inte helt l\u00e4tta att f\u00f6lja. Fiskare skyller p\u00e5 vattenkraften och vattenkraften p\u00e5 \u00f6verfisket och n\u00e4stan alla skyller p\u00e5 skarven.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vandringsv\u00e4garna<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vattenkraften \u00e4r Sveriges st\u00f6rsta energik\u00e4lla, men ocks\u00e5 ett stort problem f\u00f6r vandrande fisk. Fisk som simmar fr\u00e5n havet upp i str\u00f6mt vatten fastnar och d\u00f6r ofta p\u00e5 v\u00e4gen upp eller ner. Detta g\u00e4ller \u00e4ven \u00e5len. Vattenkraftverken utg\u00f6r den st\u00f6rsta d\u00f6dsorsaken f\u00f6r \u00e5l i Sverige. De flesta \u00e5larna d\u00f6r i kraftverksturbinerna p\u00e5 v\u00e4g nedstr\u00f6ms. Det \u00e4r utsatt \u00e5l, importerad fr\u00e5n Frankrike.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De \u00e5larna som simmar upp i \u00e4lvarna p\u00e5 egen hand kan inte ta sig f\u00f6rbi kraftverken, och d\u00f6r p\u00e5 v\u00e4gen upp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Branschorganisationen Energif\u00f6retagen, som representerar kraftverken i ett remissvar till \u00e5lf\u00f6rvaltningsplanen anser att f\u00f6r mycket fokus l\u00e4ggs p\u00e5 turbind\u00f6dlighet, eftersom den just drabbar utsatt \u00e5l och inte p\u00e5verkar det naturliga \u00e5lbest\u00e5ndet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HaV har f\u00f6reslagit att fler kraftverk ska tvingas installera alternativa vandringsv\u00e4gar s\u00e5 att \u00e5len kan ta sig f\u00f6rbi. Energif\u00f6retagen menar att f\u00f6rslaget \u00e4r ineffektivt och f\u00f6r sv\u00e5rt att genomf\u00f6ra i praktiken. I st\u00e4llet tycker de att kustfisket b\u00f6r begr\u00e4nsas ytterligare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fisket<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c5lfisket i Sverige \u00e4r kraftigt begr\u00e4nsat. Inga nya \u00e5lfisketillst\u00e5nd utf\u00e4rdas, s\u00e5 det \u00e4r bara fiskare som redan har tillst\u00e5nd som f\u00e5r fiska. Dessutom f\u00e5r man inte \u00f6verl\u00e5ta sitt \u00e5lfisketillst\u00e5nd till n\u00e5gon annan, n\u00e5got som fiskarnas branschorganisationer, SFPO och SIC vill att man ska kunna g\u00f6ra. P\u00e5 v\u00e4stkusten \u00e4r \u00e5lfiske helt f\u00f6rbjudet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SFPO och SIC anser att \u00e5lfisket regleras orimligt mycket j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med vattenkraften som st\u00e5r f\u00f6r en st\u00f6rre del av \u00e5ld\u00f6dligheten.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I det vetenskapliga underlaget till den f\u00f6rvaltningsplanen f\u00f6reslogs det att man ska minska fiskekvoterna per fiskare fr\u00e5n \u00e5tta till ett ton \u00e5l per \u00e5r. Det togs inte med i HaV:s f\u00f6rslag till ny f\u00f6rvaltningsplan. Den tar i st\u00e4llet upp att det ska vara m\u00f6jligt att ytterligare begr\u00e4nsa fisket i vissa omr\u00e5den och under vissa tider, n\u00e5gra s\u00e5dana specificeras ej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Branschorganisationerna menar att \u00e5lfisket \u00e4r viktigt och b\u00f6r bevaras ur tv\u00e5 aspekter. Dels eftersom det \u00e4r en tradition v\u00e4rd att bevara i sig sj\u00e4lvt, dels f\u00f6r att \u00e5lfiske enligt de utg\u00f6r ett incitament att bevara \u00e5len.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Henrik Sved\u00e4ng, forskare vid Stockholms universitet, anser att fisket b\u00f6r upph\u00f6ra helt men h\u00e5ller \u00f6ppet f\u00f6r en liten ”kulturkvot” f\u00f6r \u00e5lagillen. Han pekar p\u00e5 den f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttring man sett f\u00f6r \u00e5len p\u00e5 v\u00e4stkusten till f\u00f6ljd av totalstoppet d\u00e4r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6verens om skarven och tjuvfisket<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Det alla parter \u00e4r \u00f6verens om \u00e4r att tjuvfiskets p\u00e5verkan m\u00e5ste minska. Kustbevakningen efterfr\u00e5gar i sitt remissvar tydligare regelverk g\u00e4llande fiskeredskap, f\u00f6r att kunna lagf\u00f6ra tjuvfiskare mer kontinuerligt. De p\u00e5talar ocks\u00e5 att det i vissa omr\u00e5den f\u00f6rekommer repressalier mot uppgiftsl\u00e4mnare som vittnar om tjuvfiske.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fiskarna och kraftverken \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 \u00f6verens om \u00e4r att predationen fr\u00e5n skarv inte beaktas tillr\u00e4ckligt i f\u00f6rslaget. De menar att skarven \u00f6kat kraftigt och d\u00e4rmed \u00e4ter mer \u00e5l. Fiskeorganisationerna har l\u00e4nge f\u00f6respr\u00e5kat ut\u00f6kad skarvjakt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Skarven \u00e4ter visserligen \u00e5l, men enligt det vetenskapliga underlaget till f\u00f6rvaltningsplanen \u00e4r de inte en av huvudorsakerna till \u00e5lens akuta l\u00e4ge. Skarven \u00e4r inte invasiv och fanns i svenska ekosystem l\u00e5ngt innan \u00e5lens situation f\u00f6rv\u00e4rrades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e4cker planen?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Huruvida planen faktiskt kan r\u00e4dda den svenska \u00e5len fr\u00e5n utrotning tycks det ocks\u00e5 olika om. Energif\u00f6retagen menar att f\u00f6rvaltningsplanens ambition h\u00f6jts \u00f6ver den niv\u00e5 som kr\u00e4vs av EU. Henrik Sved\u00e4ngs och Stockholms universitets budskap \u00e4r tydligt. ”Den r\u00e4cker inte.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HaV:s f\u00f6rslag till ny \u00e5lf\u00f6rvaltningsplan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vetenskapligt underlag till f\u00f6rslaget \u2013 FORMAS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Om Deep Sea Reporter: <\/strong>V\u00e5r ambition \u00e4r att granska och skildra fr\u00e5gor som r\u00f6r havet och det liv som finns under ytan. Vi verkar i allm\u00e4nhetens tj\u00e4nst och drivs sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndigt i f\u00f6rh\u00e5llande till politiska, kommersiella och andra intressen i samh\u00e4llet.<\/sup><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Den 1:a oktober ska Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) presenterar en ny \u00e5lf\u00f6rvaltningsplan f\u00f6r regeringen. \u00c5len \u00e4r akut utrotningshotad, men fr\u00e5gan om hur den ska r\u00e4ddas \u00e4r kontroversiell. Det verkar som de flesta \u00e4r oense om det mesta n\u00e4r det nu ska best\u00e4mmas hur \u00e5len ska f\u00f6rvaltas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":41303,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[235],"tags":[3697,1194,3698,1195,793],"class_list":["post-41302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fiske","tag-al-2","tag-alfiske-2","tag-alforvaltningsplan","tag-fiskestopp","tag-hav"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nKonfliktfyllt inf\u00f6r ny f\u00f6rvaltningsplan f\u00f6r \u00e5len - Deep Sea Reporter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Den 1:a oktober ska Havs- och vattenmyndigheten (HaV) presenterar en ny \u00e5lf\u00f6rvaltningsplan f\u00f6r regeringen. \u00c5len \u00e4r akut utrotningshotad, men fr\u00e5gan om hur den ska r\u00e4ddas \u00e4r kontroversiell. 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