{"id":39293,"date":"2025-03-20T16:08:52","date_gmt":"2025-03-20T15:08:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.deepseareporter.com\/?p=39293"},"modified":"2025-03-20T16:16:52","modified_gmt":"2025-03-20T15:16:52","slug":"new-research-project-studies-the-health-of-the-gray-seals-pups-in-the-baltic-sea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.deepseareporter.com\/sv\/new-research-project-studies-the-health-of-the-gray-seals-pups-in-the-baltic-sea\/","title":{"rendered":"Hur m\u00e5r gr\u00e5s\u00e4lskutarna i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n – kan visa hur havet m\u00e5r"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

I ett gemensamt forskningsprojekt ska Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet och G\u00f6teborgs universitet m\u00e4ta kroppskonditionen p\u00e5 gr\u00e5s\u00e4lens kutar i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n. Projektet p\u00e5g\u00e5r under tre \u00e5rs tid.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Med hj\u00e4lp av dr\u00f6nare tar forskarna bilder p\u00e5 kutarna i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n f\u00f6r att m\u00e4ta deras l\u00e4ngd och omkrets. De kan d\u00e5 se om kutarna \u00e4r magra eller tjocka, och p\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt f\u00e5 en \u00f6versikt av kutarnas m\u00e5ende. Projektet \u00e4r ett komplement till den inventering som redan g\u00f6rs av s\u00e4lpopulationen, d\u00e4r forskarna r\u00e4knar s\u00e4lindivider fr\u00e5n en helikopter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 \u00d6vervakningen av gr\u00e5s\u00e4lens kutar \u00e4r v\u00e4ldigt begr\u00e4nsad. Vi vet ingenting om konditionen p\u00e5 kutarna eftersom den h\u00e4r typen av m\u00e4tning inte har gjorts tidigare. Den flyginventering som g\u00f6rs av s\u00e4lpopulationen har heller inte f\u00f6ljts upp, s\u00e5 vi vet inte hur m\u00e5nga av de kutar som vi tidigare har r\u00e4knat som faktiskt \u00f6verlevde, s\u00e4ger Karl Lundstr\u00f6m, forskare p\u00e5 SLU Aqua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sk\u00e4rg\u00e5rdens barnkammare<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e5s\u00e4len f\u00f6der sina kutar mellan februari och mars. I svenskt vatten f\u00f6rvandlas d\u00e5 Stockholms sk\u00e4rg\u00e5rd till en h\u00f6gljudd barnkammare, d\u00e4r kutar, honor och hanar tr\u00e4ngs i en salig r\u00f6ra p\u00e5 kobbarna och sk\u00e4ren.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bland ljuden av rop, r\u00e5mande och ylande, g\u00e4ller det f\u00f6r forskarna att se vart de g\u00e5r. Kutarna f\u00f6ds n\u00e4mligen med en vit, fluffig p\u00e4ls som de sedan tappar tv\u00e5 till fyra veckor efter f\u00f6dseln. P\u00e4lsen \u00e4r ett kamouflage t\u00e4nkt att skydda dem fr\u00e5n rovdjur om de f\u00f6ds p\u00e5 is, och en kall v\u00e5rvinter som denna kan de l\u00e4tt g\u00f6mma sig i den vita sn\u00f6n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perioden \u00e4r intensiv f\u00f6r gr\u00e5s\u00e4len, inte minst f\u00f6r honorna. F\u00f6rutom att f\u00f6da sina kutar, som de sedan diar i tre veckor, v\u00e4ntar hanarna p\u00e5 dem ute i vattnet. De \u00e4r redo att para sig. N\u00e4r parningen \u00e4r \u00f6ver och honorna har diat sina kutar, \u00e4r det dags att l\u00e4mna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kvar blir kutarna, som f\u00f6rst fastar i cirka en m\u00e5nad. D\u00e4refter \u00e4r det dags f\u00f6r dem att b\u00f6rja jaga sin egen f\u00f6da, som bland annat best\u00e5r av str\u00f6mming, skarpsill, sik och flundror.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dr\u00f6narflygningar i Stockholm och Estland<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Med projektet vill forskarna \u00e4ven j\u00e4mf\u00f6ra konditionen p\u00e5 gr\u00e5s\u00e4lskutarna i Stockholm med \u00f6vriga \u00d6stersj\u00f6n. Samtidigt som Anja Carlsson och Karl Lundstr\u00f6m g\u00f6r dr\u00f6narflygningar i Stockholms sk\u00e4rg\u00e5rd, flyger forskare fr\u00e5n G\u00f6teborgs universitet dr\u00f6nare tv\u00e4rs \u00f6ver innanhavet i Estland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 D\u00e5 kan vi j\u00e4mf\u00f6ra om det \u00e4r skillnad p\u00e5 kutarna i Stockholm och kutarna i Estland. B\u00e5de i storlek och n\u00e4r de f\u00f6ds, s\u00e4ger Anja Carlsson, s\u00e4lforskare p\u00e5 Naturhistoriska riksmuseet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genom att bes\u00f6ka samma omr\u00e5de flera g\u00e5nger hoppas Anja \u00e4ven se n\u00e4r flest kutar f\u00f6ds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Vid \u00e5terbes\u00f6ken kan vi se hur m\u00e5nga kutar som fortfarande har kvar sin p\u00e4ls och vilka som har tappat den, och p\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt se n\u00e4r toppen av kutningsperioden sker.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En centimeters marginal<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Forskarna anv\u00e4nder enkla dr\u00f6nare som flyger p\u00e5 runt fyrtio meters h\u00f6jd. D\u00e4r tar den \u00f6verlappande bilder p\u00e5 platserna d\u00e4r kutarna ligger. Bilderna s\u00e4tts sedan ihop till en enda stor bild, som med h\u00f6g noggrannhet visar kutarna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Bilderna blir s\u00e5 pass detaljerade att vi, med plus eller minus en centimeter, kan m\u00e4ta l\u00e4ngden och bredden p\u00e5 kutarna. Med hj\u00e4lp av en s\u00e4rskild modell kan vi ocks\u00e5 g\u00f6ra en omr\u00e4kning fr\u00e5n l\u00e4ngd och bredd till vikt. Det ger oss d\u00e5 en uppskattning av skicket som kutarna \u00e4r i n\u00e4r de \u00e4r avv\u00e4nda fr\u00e5n sina mammor, s\u00e4ger Karl Lundstr\u00f6m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Majoriteten kutar f\u00f6ds i sk\u00e4rg\u00e5rden<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hela sjuttio procent av de kutar som f\u00f6ds i svenskt vatten \u00e4r centrerade till Stockholms sk\u00e4rg\u00e5rd, ett omr\u00e5de som ber\u00f6rs av den utflyttade tr\u00e5lgr\u00e4nsen som tr\u00e4dde i kraft i februari 2025. Genom att unders\u00f6ka s\u00e4lpopulationen i just detta omr\u00e5de hoppas forskarna \u00e4ven se om f\u00f6r\u00e4ndringen p\u00e5verkar kutarnas kondition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Tr\u00e5lgr\u00e4nsen kan inneb\u00e4ra att tillg\u00e5ngen p\u00e5 f\u00f6da f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras. Om tillg\u00e5ngen p\u00e5 str\u00f6mming blir b\u00e4ttre, kan vi se om konditionen hos s\u00e4lkutarna ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras \u00f6ver tid och om den ocks\u00e5 blir b\u00e4ttre, s\u00e4ger Lundstr\u00f6m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Minskat antal individer<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e5s\u00e4lens population har \u00f6kat i hela \u00d6stersj\u00f6n, men i Stockholm kan forskarna se att individerna har minskat ganska drastiskt sedan \u00e5r 2020. Men samtidigt som antalet individer minskat i sk\u00e4rg\u00e5rden, har de \u00f6kat Sk\u00e4rg\u00e5rdshavet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat jakttryck, turism och f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring av tillg\u00e5ng till f\u00f6da, tror Anja Carlsson kan vara n\u00e5gra av orsakerna till att individerna minskat och varf\u00f6r de valt att flytta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Gr\u00e5s\u00e4lar \u00e4r ganska hemortstrogna. S\u00e5 att inte l\u00e4ngre se samma antal individer p\u00e5 platser d\u00e4r vi har sett dem i flera \u00e5r, det k\u00e4nns inte alls bra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r att veta hur trogna gr\u00e5s\u00e4len \u00e4r sina f\u00f6delseplatser, hoppas Karl Lundstr\u00f6m \u00e4ven kunna anv\u00e4nda dr\u00f6narbilderna f\u00f6r att identifiera honorna och se om de kommer tillbaka till samma omr\u00e5den.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan vi se hur trogna de \u00e4r sina platser d\u00e4r de f\u00f6der sina kutar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e4larna visar hur havet m\u00e5r<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Eftersom s\u00e4larna \u00e4r toppkonsumenter i n\u00e4ringskedjan menar Anja Carlsson att s\u00e4larna visar hur havet m\u00e5r. Enligt henne \u00e4r det \u00e4r en tidig varningsklocka p\u00e5 om n\u00e5gonting f\u00f6r\u00e4ndras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 D\u00e4rf\u00f6r \u00e4r det j\u00e4ttesp\u00e4nnande att vi har startat det h\u00e4r projektet nu. Det \u00e4r som en pusselbit som saknas eftersom det kommer att p\u00e5visa h\u00e4lsa, och inte bara antal. Hur kutarna m\u00e5r \u00e4r en direkt reflektion av hur honorna m\u00e5r, som i sin tur \u00e4r p\u00e5verkade av fiskbest\u00e5nden. S\u00e5 eventuell f\u00f6r\u00e4ndring kommer vi att se mycket tidigare nu, avslutar hon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I ett gemensamt forskningsprojekt ska Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet och G\u00f6teborgs universitet m\u00e4ta kroppskonditionen p\u00e5 gr\u00e5s\u00e4lens kutar i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n. Projektet p\u00e5g\u00e5r under tre \u00e5rs tid.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":39294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[579],"tags":[1304,584,3147,2518,3151],"class_list":["post-39293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ostersjon","tag-goteborgs-universitet","tag-grasal","tag-kutning","tag-naturhistoriska-riksmuseet","tag-stockholms-skargard"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHur m\u00e5r gr\u00e5s\u00e4lskutarna i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n - kan visa hur havet m\u00e5r - Deep Sea Reporter<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"I ett gemensamt forskningsprojekt ska Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet och G\u00f6teborgs universitet m\u00e4ta kroppskonditionen p\u00e5 gr\u00e5s\u00e4lens kutar i \u00d6stersj\u00f6n. 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